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常用的几种超滤膜清洗方法介绍
发布日期：2022-05-26 09:32:00

随着超滤膜组件工作时间的延长，超滤膜污染会不断加重，超滤膜的透水速率会下降，为了恢复膜的通量，需要定期对膜组件进行清洗，其中化学清洗时应根据原水中杂质的情况选择合适的化学药品。

超滤膜在使用后，由于分离物质及其他杂质在膜表面会逐渐积聚，对膜造成污染和堵塞，膜的有效清洗是延长膜使用寿命的重要手段。常用的清洗方法有化学清洗、物理清洗两大类。

(一)物理清洗法

等压清洗法：即关闭超滤水阀门，打开浓缩水出口阀门，靠增大流速冲洗膜表面，该法对去除膜表面上大量松软的杂质有效。

高纯水清洗法：由于水的纯度增高，溶解能力加强。清洗时可先利用超滤水冲去膜面上松散的污垢，然后利用纯水循环清洗。

反向清洗法：即清洗水从膜的超滤口进入并透过膜，冲向浓缩口一边，采用反向冲洗法可以有效的去除覆盖面，但反冲洗时应特别注意，防止超压，避免把膜冲破或者破坏密封粘接面。

(二)化学清洗法

利用化学药品与膜面杂质进行化学反应来达到清洗膜的目的

酸溶液清洗：常用溶液有盐酸、柠檬酸、草酸等，调配溶液的PH=2~3，利用循环清洗或者浸泡0.5h~1h后循环清洗，对无机杂质去除效果较好。

碱溶液清洗：常用的碱主要有NaOH ，调配溶液的PH=10~12左右，利用水循环操作清洗或浸泡0.5h~1h后循环清洗，可有效去除杂质及油脂。

氧化剂清洗剂：利用1%~2%H2O2、 300~1000mg/L NaClO 等水溶液清洗超滤膜（不同材质膜元件作不同选择），可以去除污垢，杀灭细菌。H2O2和NaClO是常用的杀菌剂。

加酶洗涤剂：如0.5%~1.5%胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶等，对去除蛋白质、多糖、油脂类污染物质有效。

选择化学药品的原则：

1、不能与膜及组件的其他材质发生任何化学反应。

2、选用的药品避免二次污染。

上一页：超滤膜在环保水处理技术方面的应用介绍
下一页：MABR/EHBR膜的工艺特点
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